This booklet traces the great voyages of discovery and knows their influence on the development of a new European worldview and also helps in understanding the impacts of exchanges between Europe, Africa, Asia and also examine the economic impact of exploration.
1. Age of Exploration God, Gold, and Glory Objective: To trace the great voyages of discovery and know their influence on the development of a new European worldview
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3. Portugal Leads the Way Essential Question: How did Portugal find an ocean route to Asia? ► Europeans wanted luxury goods from Asia ► Muslims and Italians controlled the land trade routes ► Portugal, Spain, and England wanted a share of this trade They needed to find a sea route to Asia
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5. ► Henrythe Navigator Son of Portugal’s king Supported exploration, sponsored voyages Set up a school for mapmakers, navigators, and shipbuilders. They perfected the caravel, a ship designed for long voyages.
6. ► The Portuguese Reach India 1460 - the Portuguese started traveling and setting up ports along the west coast of Africa 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias rounded the bottom of Africa and sailed up the east coast 1498 – Vasco da Gama made it all the way around Africa and reached India Eventually they set up trading posts in the Spice Islands (modern day Indonesia) Land trade can be expensive, sea trade was much cheaper thus much more profitable
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8. Columbus Reaches America Essential Question: Why did Columbus sail west? What did he find? ► Columbus was an Italian navigator hoping to find a westward route to Asia
9. ► Columbus’ First Voyage Portugal was in the lead for sea trade Spain wanted to catch up so Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to sponsor his voyage In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue… with 3 caravels and about 90 men, October 12th they reached land
10. ► Columbus’s Mistake Columbus thought he reached India, he called the people he met “Indios (Indians)” He actually landed on an island in the Caribbean Sea He thought he found a route to Asia, set up a settlement and sailed back to Spain
11. ► The Treaty of Tordesillas Spain wanted to make sure they didn’t claim lands that Portugal already claimed so in 1494 they signed the Treaty of Tordesillas It drew an imaginary line around the world and split the world in half
12. Exploration After Columbus Essential Question: Which other European countries explored and claimed parts of the Americas? ► Circumnavigation 1519, the Spanish sponsored Ferdinand Magellan (a Portuguese sailor) with 5 ships and 250 men to circumnavigate the globe Magellan was killed in the Philippine Islands, but his crew continued under Juan Sebastian del Cano After 3 years, one ship and 18 of the original crew left, they made it back to Spain
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14. ► Spanish Conquerors In the 1500s, many Spanish explorers came to the Americas Gained control of all of present-day Mexico, Central America, & parts of South America Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs in Mexico Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in South America
15. Hernan Cortez & the Aztecs
16. Reflection ► Pretend you are an Aztec during the Age of Exploration, how would you react to the arrival of Cortes and the Spanish explorers? (3-5 Sentences)
17. Francisco Pizarro and the Incas
18. ► Further North Hernando de Soto and Francisco Coronado explored territory in North America for gold but neither found gold English and French tried to find a Northwest passage to Asia through North America. NONE found passage to Asia, but many made important discoveries…
19. John Cabot (Italian explorer sponsored by England) claimed coastal lands for England, but didn’t reach Asia Giovanni da Verrazzano (Italian explorer sponsored by France) explored New York harbor, but didn’t reach Asia Jacques Cartier (French) explored Canada but didn’t reach Asia
20. ► Mapmaking and a New Worldview After these explorations, the European worldview expanded from the Mediterranean Sea to the Americas to the Spice Islands Cartographers and mapmakers played a leading role in changing the worldview Amerigo Vespucci named the new continents “The Americas”
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22. Sailors Wanted! ► Directions: Pretend you are an explorer and you need to hire sailors for your expedition to the Americas. Create a “want ad” for sailors to join your exploration crew to the “New World” Include: ►The Destination (Where you are going) ►Convincing Argument ►The Adventure (Describe dangers and excitement) ►The Reward/Pay (Describe the benefits)
23. Starter #3 ► List3 goods (plants/animals) that are indigenous * to the Americas. [page 521] *indigenous – originally from a region or area
24. Starter #4 Describe at least THREE negative consequences to the Age of Exploration. -One short paragraph (3-5 sentences) Sentence Frames: One negative consequence of the Age of Exploration was ________. It caused the Another negative effect of the Age of Exploration was the ____________. One last negative result of the Age of Exploration was ______________.
25. Impact of Exploration Objective: To understand the impact of exchanges between Europe, Africa, and Asia and examine the economical impact of exploration
26. The Exchange of Goods and Ideas Essential Question: What goods and ideas were exchanged between the two hemispheres? ► The Columbian Exchange Movement of living things between hemispheres Europe and Africa => America ►Horses, wheat, onions, grapes, sugar cane, and oranges ►Measles and smallpox (killed 20 million) America => Europe and Africa ►Corn, potatoes, pumpkins, and pineapples
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28. ► Triangular Trade Trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa mainly involving the sugar cane and slaves
29. ► The Spread of Culture Spain and Portugal spread Christianity to the Americas Europeans drank coffee from Arabia and used sugar produced from African slave labor in the Americas
30. A Global Economy ► Look at the tag of your sweater, shirt, or jacket. Write down where it is made and where the materials come from. ► Write and explanation for why you think your clothes are made there? ► My __________ is made in ___________ and the materials are from ___________. I think it is made in __________ because ___________.
31. Rivalry for Colonies Essential Question: What European countries competed for colonies? ► Colonies provided European nations with raw materials and ready markets ► Portugal => Africa, India, East Asia, and Brazil ► Spain => Philippines, Peru, and Mexico ► Dutch => East Indies ► French => India, Canada, and America ► England => North America, Caribbean, and India
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33. ► The Spanish Armada England and Spain came into conflict over the Americas ALSO, England is Protestant and Spain is Catholic 1588 the Spanish Armada sailed up the English Channel to attack England, the English navy defeated them because they were faster and better armed. The crushing blow weakened Spain and established England as a naval force allowing England to grow their empire overseas
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36. Europe’s Economy Changes Essential Question: How did the Age of Exploration lead to the development of modern capitalism? ► Results of colonization ► Capitalism: an economic system based on private ownership of economic resources invested to make a profit. [competition is key!] ► Chartered Company: companies that held licenses from the government that gave them the sole right to trade in a particular area
37. ► Mercantilism: a nation’s power depended on it’s wealth from control of trade and colonies. Finding gold and silver Obtain gold and silver though a favorable balance of trade (sells more than it buys) Colonies provided a source of gold and silver, raw materials, also a market for manufactured goods
38. Government and Economy: Less or More Control? ► Some economists such as Adam Smith defended the idea of a free market economy in his influential book Wealth of Nations (1776), which became the foundation of capitalism
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