This booklet helps students to learn about the history of Ancient Rome, describes fun facts about Rome, its kingdoms and empires, the Augustan Age, the rise of Christianity.
1. Ancient Rome
2. In the Beginning… Ancient Rome begin as a group of villages along the Tiber River in what is now Italy. Around 750 B.C. these villages united to form the city of Rome.
3. Formation of Roman Republic For more than 200 years, kings ruled Rome. In 509 B.C. Rome became a republic. The Roman Senate was an assembly of elected representatives. It was the single most powerful ruling body of the Roman Republic.
4. Patricians & Plebeians In the beginning most Plebeians had the of the people elected right to vote, but to the Senate were could not hold public patricians. office until 287 B.C, Patricians controlled when they gained the law since they equality with were the only citizens patricians. allowed to be judges.
5. Roman Expansion Under the leadership of ambitious generals, Rome’s highly trained soldiers took over most of the land surrounding the Mediterranean. The ancient Romans called the Mediterranean mare nostrum, meaning “our sea”.
6. Rome 117 A.D.
7. The End of the Roman Republic A successful Roman general and famous speaker, Julius Caesar, was a governor of the territory of Gaul and managed to take control of many nearby territories. Fearing him the Roman Senate ordered him to resign…but he had other ideas. Caesar fought for control and won, becoming the dictator of the Roman world, ending the Roman Republic.
8. The Roman Empire Less than a year after gaining power a group of angered Senators stabbed Caesar to death on the floor of the Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.) This caused a civil war that lasted several years. In 27 B.C., Caesar’s adopted son, Octavian was named the first emperor of Rome.
9. The Roman Empire An empire is a nation or group of territories ruled by a single powerful leader, or emperor. As emperor Octavian took the name Augustus. Augustus ruled the Roman Empire for more than 40 years, known as the Augustan Age.
10. The Augustan Age During the rule of Augustus the Roman empire continued to expand. Augustus kept soldiers along all the borders to keep peace in the Roman world. During this time architects and engineers built many new public buildings.
11. The Augustan Age During this time trade increased with olive oil, wine, pottery, marble, and grain being shipped all across the Mediterranean. Lighthouses were constructed to guide ships into port. This was also a time of great Roman literature.
12. The Rise of Christianity After the death of Augustus in 14 A.D. a new religion begin to spread: Christianity. At first it took hold in the eastern half of the Roman Empire. By 200 A.D. this religion had spread throughout the empire.
13. The Rise of Christianity Christians were viewed with suspicion and suffered persecution and many were punished or killed for their beliefs. Things changed when Constantine became emperor of Rome in 306 A.D. During his reign Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
14. The Fall of the Roman Empire Rome had quite a run…First a monarchy, then a republic, then an empire – all roads led to Rome for over 1200 years. In the Mediterranean, Rome was in charge. Rome had some wonderful emperors. Rome also suffered from a series of bad, corrupt and just plain crazy emperors.
15. The Fall of the Roman Empire The empire was too large to The rich became lazy and govern effectively. showed little interest in trying The army was not what it to solve Rome problems. used to be. There was The poor were overtaxed and corruption in the military - overworked. They were very dishonest generals and unhappy. non-Roman soldiers. Prices increased, trade Civil wars broke out decreased. between different political The population was shrinking groups. due to starvation and disease. Emperors were often That made it difficult to selected by violence, or by manage farms and birth, so the head of government effectively. government was not always The Empire starting shrinking. a capable leader. The Huns, Visigoths, Franks, The increased use of slaves Vandals, Saxons and other put many Romans out of barbarian tribes overran the work empire.
16. The Fall of the Roman Empire The ancient Romans tried to solve some of their problems by splitting the Roman Empire in half, hoping that would make the empire easier to manage. Each side had an emperor, but the emperor in charge was the emperor of the western half, the half that included the city of Rome. The Western Roman Empire did not do well. Instead of getting stronger, they became weaker. By 400 AD, it was pretty much over. The Huns, Franks, Vandals, Saxons, Visigoths – any of these barbarian tribes might have been the group that finally brought Rome down. They were all attacking various pieces of the Western Roman Empire. In 476 AD, the Visigoths sacked Rome. Europe entered the Dark Ages. The eastern half of the Roman Empire received a new name – the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire did fine. It lasted for another 1000 years! Credit: http://rome.mrdonn.org/fall. html
17. Fun Facts About Rome One of the things the Romans are most famous for is their architecture. The Romans brought a lot of new ideas to architecture, of which the three most important are the arch, the baked brick, and the use of cement and concrete. Roman architecture inspired the design of the U.S. Capitol building!
18. Fun Facts About Rome The Romans built thousands of miles of road to connect the entire empire. These roads were used up until about 100 years ago when technology advanced!
19. Fun Facts About Rome The Romans were the first to build aqueducts. The running water, indoor plumbing and sewer system carrying away disease from the population within the Empire wasn't surpassed in capability until very modern times.
20. Fun Facts About Rome In the times of Ancient Bath houses were huge Rome very few people had and housed much more baths in their homes. than pools. Adults enjoyed going to Exercise grounds, the public bathhouse. gymnastic apparatus, Children were not allowed courts for games, libraries, in. The bathhouse cost rooms for reading and very little to get in, so conversation--all these people used them often. things could be found in The men and the women the Roman bath house. both used the bathhouse, The people made a point of but at different times going to the bath to meet during the day. Each group their friends and had a scheduled time, associates. although the women's scheduled time was shorter.
21. Fun Facts About Rome The Romans didn't use soap. They cleaned themselves by covering their bodies with oil. Then they scraped the oil off with a special scraper called a strigil. Strigils were make from bone or metal. Next the Romans enjoyed several pools. Each of these pools had water heated to different temperatures. Bathers went from one bath to another. Caldarium, tepidarium, frigidarium Ancient Rome had as many as 900 public baths. Small baths held about 300 people. The largest bath held 1500 people. Bathhouses were built all over the Roman Empire. The most impressive ones were found in the city of Rome. They were decorated with marble and statues.
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