This booklet helps students to learn about the basic geography terms, and explain Continents, Oceans(Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic), and Hemispheres (Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western)
1. Continents, Hemispheres & Oceans Mr. Johnson
2. Continents • North America-located above South America and beside Europe. It is located in the northern and western hemispheres. • South America-located under North America and beside Africa. It is located in the southern and western hemispheres. 2
3. Continents • Africa-located under Europe and beside Asia. It is also located in the northern and eastern hemispheres. • Antarctica-located at the bottom center of the earth below all of the continents. It is located in the southern and western/eastern hemispheres. 3
4. Continents • Australia-located below Asia and above Antarctica. It is also located in the southern and eastern hemispheres. • Asia-located beside Europe and above Australia. It is also located in the northern and eastern hemispheres. 4
5. Continents • Europe-located between North America and Asia and above Africa. It is also located in the northern and eastern hemispheres. 5
6. Northern Hemisphere • The Equator and Prime Meridian slice the earth into different hemispheres of halves. The Northern Hemisphere is all of the earth lying north of the equator. • Located completely in the Northern Hemisphere are North America, & Europe. Partially located here are Africa, Asia, & South America. 6
7. Southern Hemisphere • All areas south of the Equator are in the Southern Hemisphere. • Most of South America and part of Africa is located in the Southern Hemisphere. All of Australia & Antarctica are is located in the Southern Hemisphere. 7
8. Western Hemisphere • The Western Hemisphere is the left vertical half of the earth, west of the Prime Meridian. • North and South America are in the Western Hemisphere. Antarctica is in both the Western & Eastern Hemispheres. 8
9. Eastern Hemisphere • The Eastern Hemisphere is the right vertical half of the Prime Meridian. • Most of Europe and Africa are in the Eastern Hemisphere, but a small part of their western areas are in the Western Hemisphere. Antarctica is in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. 9
10. Oceans • Oceans are great bodies of water that covers more than 70% of the earth’s surface and come together around the continent of Antarctica in the Southern Hemisphere. • The major oceans of the world are the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic. Oceans can affect the development of a region such as to encourage fishing and trade, and can influence the migration and settlement of people. It can also affect weather, climate, and the living conditions of people. 10
11. Pacific Ocean • The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean. It covers 63,800,000 square miles or about one-third of the earth’s surface. It is so vast that the Pacific could hold all the continents and stretches about 11,000 miles. • North & South America lie to the east of the Pacific, and Asia and Australia are to the west. To the north, the Baring Strait links the Pacific with the Arctic Ocean. 11
12. Atlantic Ocean • The Atlantic Ocean meets the Arctic Ocean to the north. It covers about 31, 530,000 square miles. • The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean. Europe & Africa is to the east and North America and South America are on the west. 12
13. Indian Ocean • The Indian Ocean is smaller than the Atlantic. It covers about 28,356,000 square miles. • Africa borders it on the west and Australia and the East Indies on the east. 13
14. Arctic Ocean • The Arctic Ocean lies at the top of the world north of Asia, Europe, and North America. The Arctic Ocean covers about 3,662,000 square miles • On the west, Bering Strait links it with the Pacific. On the east, it merges with the Atlantic. 14
15. Content Questions • 1. What are the names of the seven continents? • 2. Name the two continents that are located completely within the Southern Hemisphere. • 3. What two continents are located completely within the Northern Hemisphere? • 4. Name the continent located completely within the Northern & Western Hemispheres. • 5. Name the continent located completely within the Southern & Eastern Hemispheres. • 6. Name the four oceans. 15
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