This booklet discusses the Civil War and its different effects, describing its beginnings, presidential election, states, rights, battles, succession, war.
1. Civil War –
2. Presidential Election of 1860 In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran against each other again, this time for president. Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery. This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president.
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4. The RED states are the ones that elected Lincoln.
5. Southern States secede Lincoln received no votes from the South, because they believed Lincoln wanted to end slavery. Since there were so many more people in the North, he won the election anyway.
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7. As soon as Secession Lincoln won the election, the South started to secede. This means the South split from the Union. They no longer wanted to be part of the United States.
8. States Rights Supporters of secession based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights. They had voluntarily joined the union, so they could leave when they wanted.
9. What percent of the population voted for Abraham Lincoln? How many Southern votes did Lincoln get? Explain the concept of secession. What are States rights? Describe the 10th Amendment in your own words. What are the Confederate States of America? Why were they formed? Who led the CSA?
10. DOES THE SOUTH HAVE A VALID ARGUMENT FOR LEAVING THE
11. Confederate States of America On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede. They were followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. The eleven states that had seceded became the Confederate States of America. They named Jefferson Davis as president. They wrote a new Constitution which made slavery legal.
12. Civil War A civil war is a war between people of the same country. The American Civil War was fought to keep the South from leaving the Union. Slavery was the major issue that separated the North from the South.
13. The Civil War began at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.
14. Fort Sumter was a Union fort in the South, and the Union had a hard time defending it. They surrendered 34 hours later. There were 23 states in the Union (North) at the beginning of the war. There were 11 states in the Confederacy (South) at the beginning of the war.
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16. Union and Confederate States
17. North’s Advantages The North had some major advantages: 1.They had many more people 2.They had many more factories, which could be used to make weapons. 3.The Union also had many more miles of railroad tracks.
18. South’s Advantages: The South’s main advantage was that they were fighting at home. (War of Attrition) They were closer to their supplies. They would fight harder because they were protecting their homes. Southern soldiers were better equipped with the skills necessary to survive a war. Better Generals
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21. Abraham Lincoln The president of the Union was Abraham Lincoln, who had been elected in 1860.
22. Jefferson Davis The president of the new Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy, was Jefferson Davis.
23. Battle of Bull Run One of the first battles of the war was the Battle of Bull Run. Manassass The North realized after this battle that the war would not be easy and would not be over soon, as they originally thought.
24. Stonewall Jackson gets his name
25. New Weapons Many new weapons were used during the Civil War. One of these weapons was an ironclad ship. An ironclad ship was a ship with iron plates on it to protect it from cannon fire.
26. Other new weapons: Deadlier cannons and bullets Rifles that were more accurate
27. The Monitor
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30. After the Emancipation Proclamation blacks began to join the Union Army Initially they were only used for manual labor Eventually, Blacks saw live combat 54th regiment out of William Carney Massachusetts
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32. Battle of Antietam The first time the Confederacy invaded Northern territory was the Battle of Antietam. They were led by Gen. Robert E. Lee This 12 hour battle was the bloodiest battle day in United States history. 23,000 men lost their lives that day. The Union army stopped the Confederate army. This “victory” by the Union gave President Lincoln the chance to announce the abolition of slavery in the South.
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37. Emancipation Proclamation On January 1, 1863, Pres. Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. It declared that all slaves should be set free in the Confederacy. It also allowed blacks to serve in the Union army and navy.
38. The South ignored the Emancipation Proclamation, but it did change the focus of the war to the issue of slavery.
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41. Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and decided that it was crucial to attack the North on its own territory July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, Pa. Confed. bombardment; Union held firm on July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union mowed them down "Pickett’s Charge"
42. Gettysburg Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South invaded the North.
43. that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abe Lincoln
44. The Union won the Battle of Gettysburg. Many felt it was a turning point in the war. Many Northerners started supporting the army after this by lending them money to help pay for the war. This was called a war bond.
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47. Was for control of the Mississippi Vicksburg River. Grant laid siege to Vicksburg for months. People borrowed into ground. People ate rats, dogs, horses, and rumors of occasional cannibalism
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50. Confederate Dead
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52. Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
53. July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - VICKSBURG won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the Union control of Mississippi River Grant was then given control of all Union armies began a "scorched earth" policy to defeat the South General Sheridan decimated Va.'s Shenandoah Valley
54. Sherman’s March to General Sherman the Sea given task of taking Atlanta. "March through Georgia" saw total destruction from Atlanta to Savannah Sherman burned everything in his path.
55. Sherman’s March to the Sea
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57. Women in the Civil War Women on both sides worked during the war. Many became nurses. The most famous nurse from the Union was Clara Barton. She also helped organize the American Red Cross.
58. Gettysburg Address Several months after the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln went to the battlefield to dedicate a cemetery in honor of all those who had died. Lincoln spoke for two minutes, but his speech became very famous. It is called “The Gettysburg Address”.
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61. April 3, 1865 - Grant took Richmond Va. - final blow to Lee's army Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE All Confed. troops forced to take an oath of loyalty to U.S. otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and further conflict issue of states' rights now "solved"- fed. gov't had asserted its status
62. After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated.
63. Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
64. EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR creation of a single unified country abolition of slavery increased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of states rights U.S. now an industrial nation a stronger sense of nationalism w. lands increasingly opened to settlement South was economically and physically devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained...
65. Other Important Dates: • In March of 1864, Pres. Lincoln appointed Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to lead the Union Army. • On Nov. 6 1864, President Lincoln was reelected as president of the Union. • After several more battles, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865. The war was officially over. • On April 14, 1865, while enjoying a night at the theater with his wife, Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth. He died at 7:22 a.m. the next day. • On Dec. 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified. This amendment abolished (ended) slavery.
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