This ppt includes weather and climate for Elementary Kids. Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions while climate is the weather of a specific region averaged over a long period of time.
1. Intro to Weather Clip
2. Weather by Brainpop 1) What cycle is the basis of our weather? 2) What causes precipitation to occur? 3) Where do storms usually occur?
3. Temporary behavior of atmosphere (what’s going on at any certain time) Small geographic area Can change rapidly
4. --The study of weather is meteorology --Someone who studies weather is called a meteorologist
5. Long-term behavior of atmosphere (100+ years) Large geographic area Very slow to change
6. POLAR 90o -60o latitude Cool summers, cold year- Dry
7. TEMPERATE 60o-30o latitude True Seasons Variety of climate patterns Moderate precipitation
8. TROPICAL 30o - equator No winter, warm year-round High temp, rainfall, humidity
9. Climate Types by Brainpop 1.What is climate? 2.Where are tropical climates most likely to be? 3.What does “arid” mean?
10. What Factors Affect Weather & Climate? 1. The Sun 2. The Water Cycle 3. The Atmosphere 4. The Ocean
11. How Does the Sun Affect Weather? It warms the atmosphere & It creates climate zones It keeps the water cycle It affects weather patterns
12. The Water All the water on the planet is recycled in this manner!
13. Parts of the Cycle Evaporation—Water Evaporation going from a liquid to a gas (gains energy from the sun)
14. Parts of the Cycle *Transpiration—evaporation of water from/out of plants. Locate this on the diagram! transpiration
15. Parts of the Cycle Condensation—Water Condensation going from a gas to a liquid (cools or loses energy) When this happens in the atmosphere, CLOUDS form.
16. Clouds by
17. Parts of the Cycle Precipitation—when water falls out the atmosphere. Forms when the water droplets in clouds become too heavy to stay up.
18. Liquid water = rain Rain Clip Frozen water = snow or sleet or hail
19. The Water Cycle Water Cycle by
20. Water Cycle Advanced by
21. The Water Cycle by Brainpop 1) What process must happen for clouds to form? 2) What is “collection”? 3) Name one way to conserve water.
22. How does the atmosphere affect The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth Has five different layers; each has different properties We’ll label them in just a minute… Air Temperature and Pressure change with altitude Weather occurs in the layer closest to Earth (troposphere)
23. Write in the labels! Thermosphere Ozone layer
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27. Earth’s Atmsophere by Brainpop 1. What is ozone? 2. What layer of the atmosphere does weather occur in? 3. What 2 gases compose the most of Earth’s
28. Air Masses = body of air with a certain temperature and moisture level Can be warm or cold Can contain a lot of moisture or not a lot of moisture
29. = places where air masses meet 4 Types: Warm, Cold, Occluded, Each kind can bring different kinds of weather
30. Occluded Front: Stationary Front:
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32. Science Saurus 221/222 & Reading a Weather Map Worksheet
33. How does Air Pressure affect How much the earth’s atmosphere is pressing down on us Measured with a BAROMETER If it CHANGES, then new weather is on the Falling Air Pressure = stormy weather coming Rising Air Pressure = fair weather coming Steady Air Pressure = no change is coming
34. Pressure Systems
35. Winds = created from differences in air pressure Moves from areas of HIGH to LOW pressure Greater the difference in pressure, the FASTER the wind blows Measured with wind vanes and anemometers or you can estimate with the Beaufort Wind Scale ScienceSaurus 224/225
36. Beaufort Wind
37. Global Winds Thousands of kilometers long; can cause weather to move in different directions Jet stream, prevailing westerlies, doldrums, horse latitudes, trade winds Big Winds Blowin’ Worksheet & Big Winds Blowin’ Worksheet & Science Saurus Section 217
38. Global Winds Caused by the temperature difference in different regions Hot Tropical Regions—causes air to rise Cold polar Regions—causes air to sink
39. Global Winds Also affected by Earth’s Spin Coriolis Effect = causes winds to curve to the right in the N. Hemisphere; to the left in the S. Hemisphere
40. Big Winds Blowin’ Worksheet
41. Winds by Brainpop 1. What does warm air 2. What do you call winds that blow all the time in the same part of the world? 3. What are jet streams?
42. Relative Humidity Measure of the amount of moisture in the air compared to what the air could hold How “full” of water the air is Expressed as % 100% relative humidity = saturated Relative Humidity Testair Applet
43. Relative Humidity Controlled by temperature 1. Warm air holds more moisture than cool air (more space for water vapor between air molecules) 2. As air warms, warms relative humidity decreases 3. As air cools, cools relative humidity increases
44. Dew Point =Temperature at which the air is saturated (100% relative humidity) Several events can occur when the dew point temp. is reached: 1. If dew point temp. is above freezing: a. water vapor condenses as liquid b. dew will form on surfaces
45. Dew Point c. cloud droplets will form in air 2. If dew point temp. is below freezing: a. water vapor condenses as a solid b. frost on surfaces c. snow (or hail) in the air
46. Humidity by Brainpop 1. What single factor controls humidity? 2. What temperature air can hold the most water 3. What causes water to
47. Caused by sunshine on raindrops White light (all colors) is refracted (bent) into colors as it enters and exits the drop To see a rainbow you must have the sun behind you and raindrops in the air Diagram:
48. Rainbow by
49. How does the Ocean affect weather? Ocean currents affect the temperature of the land they pass by Cold ocean currents = cooling effect Warm ocean currents = warming effect Temperature changes affect pressure – which then creates WINDS Winds blow this cooling or warming effect over the land http://earth.rice.edu/MTPE/hydro/hydrosphere/topics/ Ocean_Atm_Circ_ElNino.mov
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51. Science Saurus Sections 203-204-205-206
52. Advanced Weather by Brainpop Violent Weather
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54. Requires a mature cumulonimbus cloud Signs a. Sudden reversal of wind direction b. Noticeable increase in wind speed c. Sudden drop in temperature
55. Thunderstorms Possible weather: a. heavy rains (flash floods) b. lightning (forest fires) c. thunder (frightens animals) d. hail (crop damage) e. tornadoes f. strong, gusty winds Thunderstorm by Brainpop
56. Safety Rules Stay indoors Prepare for lightning, strong winds Listen on radio/TV for tornado watch/warning Thunderstorms don’t last long
57. Cumulonimbus cloud becomes electrically charged and ground below has opposite charge
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59. Lightning stroke: flow of current thru air (a poor conductor) from the – to the + Lightning can flow from cloud to ground, cloud to cloud, cloud and from ground to cloud Bright light is caused by glowing air molecules heated by the current Lightning follows the path of least resistance (easiest way to positive) Lightning rod offers lightning an easy, easy safe path to the ground (+)
60. Thunder is the shock wave caused by the explosive expansion of heated air Sound travels @ about 1100 ft/sec in air 5,280 ft in one mile Distance from you to lightning = number of seconds between seeing the flash and hearing the thunder divided by 5. (5,280 ft / 1100 ft/sec = 5 seconds)
61. Types of Lightning Streak or bolt a. Single or branched lines of light b. Common in Puget Sound area
62. a. shapeless flash over wide area b. is cloud-to-cloud bolt hidden by the clouds c. common in Puget Sound area
63. Other types of lightning a. heat, ribbon, beaded (types of bolt) b. ball (only other shape lightning can have)
64. Safety rules for lightning Stay indoors Stay away from anything that conducts electricity (stove, sink, telephone, TV) Get out of the water and off of small boats Stay away from open doors, windows, fireplaces Stay in your car (very safe place to be) Don’t stand under lone trees or in open places Avoid hilltops If your hair stands on end, or your skin tingles, drop to the ground but try to keep as little contact with the ground as possible
65. Lightning Strikes (17 minutes) Stories of people hit by lightning
66. Tornado (a.k.a twister, Counterclockwise column of rotating air extending from cumulonimbus cloud Per square foot, is the most destructive atmospheric event Rated by wind speed (F1 to F5) “Tornado season” = April, May, June Tornadoes that form over water are called “waterspouts”
67. Behavior of a tornado is unpredictable Typical tornado will: 1. Occur between 3-7 pm 2. Travel 4 miles 3. Be 300-400 m wide 4. Travel 25-40 mi/hour 5. Have wind speeds up to 300 mi/hr 6. Produce extremely low pressure 7. Be dark due to debris picked up Tornado by Brainpop
68. Safety Rules Rule #1: Take immediate action! Move away from tornado’s path Tornado’s path Move away at a right angle
69. Lie flat in nearest ditch, etc. At home a. open windows, doors b. seek shelter in basement or under heavy table in middle of On the trail of a tornado
70. Tropical Cyclone 1. Atlantic: hurricane 2. SE Asia, Japan: typhoon 3. Australia: willy-willy 4. Indian Ocean: cyclone
71. Tropical Cyclone Rated by wind speed (category 1 to Starts and grows over warm ocean Composed of bands of thunderstorms spiraling counterclockwise around a low pressure center
72. Several hundred miles wide Last many days (even weeks) Winds from 74-200 mi/hr Contains an “eye” Hurricances by Brainpop a. Small region of low pressure b. Surrounded by highest winds c. Calm, peaceful, sunny weather d. Last for about 1 hour as hurricane passes by
73. Safety Rules Prepare for high winds Prepare for flooding (greatest source of damage) a. Up to 20 in. of rain b. Flooding by coastal water 3. Prepare for thunderstorms 4. Have on hand stored food, water, blankets, candles, matches, radio, etc. Hurricanes Clip 5. Seek shelter
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