What are the different properties of acid and bases?

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kevin Mon, Jan 24, 2022 07:08 AM UTC

An acid is a substance that donates protons (in the Brønsted-Lowry definition) or accepts a pair of valence electrons to form a bond (in the Lewis definition). A base is a substance that can accept protons or donate a pair of valence electrons to form a bond. Bases can be thought of as the chemical opposite of acids.

1. Chemistry 19.1
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2. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories
Bracken Cave, near San
Antonio, Texas, is home to
twenty to forty million bats.
Visitors to the cave must protect
themselves from the dangerous
levels of ammonia in the cave.
Ammonia is a byproduct of the
bats’ urine. You will learn why
ammonia is considered a base.
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3. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases
What are the properties of acids and
bases?
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4. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids taste sour, will
change the color of an acid-
base indicator, and can be
strong or weak electrolytes
in aqueous solution.
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5. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases
Citrus fruits contain citric acid. Tea contains
tannic acid.
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6. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases
Bases taste bitter, feel
slippery, will change the
color of an acid-base
indicator, and can be strong
or weak electrolytes in
aqueous solution.
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7. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases
Antacids use bases to neutralize excess
stomach acid. The base calcium hydroxide is
a component of mortar.
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8. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
How did Arrhenius define an
acid and a base?
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9. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Arrhenius said that acids are hydrogen-
containing compounds that ionize to
yield hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous
solution. He also said that bases are
compounds that ionize to yield hydroxide
ions (OH–) in aqueous solution.
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10. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Hydrochloric Acid
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11. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Arrhenius Acids
• Acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen, such
as nitric acid (HNO3), are called monoprotic
acids.
• Acids that contain two ionizable hydrogens, such
as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), are called diprotic acids.
• Acids that contain three ionizable hydrogens, such
as phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are called triprotic
acids.
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12. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases
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13. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Arrhenius Bases
Hydroxide ions are one of the products of
the dissolution of an alkali metal in water.
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14. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases
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15. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Milk of magnesia is a base used as an antacid.
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16. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
What distinguishes an acid from a base
in the Brønsted-Lowry theory?
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17. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines an
acid as a hydrogen-ion donor, and a base
as a hydrogen-ion acceptor.
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18. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
Why Ammonia is a Base
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19. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
Conjugate Acids and Bases
• A conjugate acid is the particle formed when
a base gains a hydrogen ion.
• A conjugate base is the particle that remains
when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion.
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20. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
• A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two
substances related by the loss or gain of a
single hydrogen ion.
• A substance that can act as both an acid and
a base is said to be amphoteric. Slide
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22. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
A water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion
becomes a positively charged hydronium ion
(H3O+).
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23. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases
Lewis Acids and Bases
How did Lewis define an acid and a
base?
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24. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases
Lewis proposed that an acid accepts a
pair of electrons during a reaction, while
a base donates a pair of electrons.
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25. 19.1 Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases
• A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a
pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.
• A Lewis base is a substance that can donate
a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.
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26. Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases
Animation 25
Compare the three important definitions of
acids and bases.
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31. Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 19.1
Problem Solving 19.1
Solve Problem 1 with the help of an
interactive guided tutorial.
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32. 19.1 Section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding
of the concepts in Section 19.1.
Continue to: Launch:
-or-
Section Quiz
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33. 19.1 Section Quiz.
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of
acids?
a. taste sour
b. are electrolytes
c. feel slippery
d. affect the color of indicators
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34. 19.1 Section Quiz.
2. Which compound is most likely to act as an
Arrhenius acid?
a. H2O
b. NH3.
c. NaOH.
d. H2SO4.
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35. 19.1 Section Quiz.
3. A Lewis acid is any substance that can accept
a. a hydronium ion.
b. a proton.
c. hydrogen.
d. a pair of electrons.
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36. END OF SHOW

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