The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. Name five functions of bones. The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton makes up about 14% of the total body weight and reaches maximum density around age 21.
1. Skeletal System
2. What are the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System? Muscle attached to bones!! 1. Movement: Skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms move when the muscles pull on the bones. 2. Support: The backbone is the main support center for the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your spinal cord.
3. What are the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System? 3. Protection: The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury. 4. Makes Blood: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone.
4. What are the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System? 5. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body
5. ► Axial Skeleton: The What are the Two Major Skeletal System axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs Parts? and sternum. ► Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.
6. What are the ► Four basic bone shapes: Basic Bone 1. Long- arms, legs and Shapes? fingers 2. Short- wrist and ankles 3. Flat- skull and sternum 4. Irregular- spine
7. What is the Structure ► Typical Four Layers: of Bone? Periosteum: Covers Bones Compact Bone: Lies beneath the periosteum Spongy Bone: Lies beneath the compact bone Bone Marrow: Fills the gaps between the spongy bone
8. Bones are complex What is the living structures that Structure of Bone? undergo growth and development. A thin tough outer membrane covers the bone. Beneath the outer membrane is a layer of compact bone (hard and dense, but not solid – it is filled with holes and has small canals for blood vessels and nerves).
9. What is the Inside the Structure of compact bone is Bone? a layer of spongy bone. It has many small spaces, is light weight, but strong. Spongy bone is also found at the ends of bones.
10. What is the In the spaces of many Structure of bones there is a soft connective tissue Bone? called marrow. Two types of Marrow: ►Red ►Yellow Red Marrow produces most of the body’s blood cells. Yellow Marrow stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve.
11. How Strong are The structure of Bones? bones make it both strong and light weight. 20 % of an adults body weight is bone. Bone is made up of 2 minerals: ►Calcium ►Phosphorus
12. As an infant, most of your How Do Bones skeleton is cartilage. Develop? Cartilage is a strong flexible tissue. Over time the cartilage is replaced by solid bone, usually complete by the time you stop growing. Not all cartilage is replaced in adults. Many joints contain cartilage, protecting the ends of bones (ears and the end of the nose is also cartilage).
13. Clavicle or Collarbone ► The clavicle, or collar bone, holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body and is only as thick as your little finger.
14. Scapula ► The scapula is located on the back side of the ribcage and helps provide part of the shoulder joint and movement for the arms.
15. Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord 1) The cervical region (neck bones) 2) The thorasic region (what the ribs attach to) 3) The lumbar region (the lower part of the back)
16. Coccyx and Sacrum
17. Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
18. Radius and Ulna ► Radius on Top ► Ulna on Bottom
19. Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
20. Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
21. Phalanges (Little Fingers)
22. Rib Cage
23. Sternum (Breastbone)
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25. Femur (Largest Bone in the Body)
26. The Tibia and Fibula
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30. • A joint is a place What are where two bones Joints? come together. • Joints allow the bones to move in different ways. • Two types of joints: • Immovable • Movable
31. What are • A joint that Immovable allows little or Joints? no movement
32. What are • Most of the joint are movable joints. Movable • Allow the body to move in a wide range of Joints? movements. • Bones in movable joints are held together by strong connective tissue called ligaments. • Four types of movable joints: • Hinge • Ball-and-socket • Pivot • Gliding
33. ► Round end of bone What is a fitting snuggly within Ball-and- another bone. Ex. Shoulder and Socket Hip Joint? ► Allows the greatest range of motion. The ball-and-socket joint allows you to swing your arm freely in a circle.
34. ► Movement in one What is a direction like a door. Ex. Knee and Elbow Hinge Joint? ► Allows forward or backward motion.
35. ► Bone resting atop another bone permitting What is a Pivot free movement. Joint? Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles ► Allows one bone to rotate around another. Allows you to turn your head
36. ► Allows one bone to What is a Gliding slide over another. Joint? Ex. Knuckles, wrist, ankle ► Allows your to bend and flex as well as make limited side to side motions.
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